1995년 삐삐 특허로 아이폰을 잡으려한 NPE의 12년 소송전

중국 최고인민법원, GPNE v. Apple 사건

2026.07.09 15:36 입력

<p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8;" align="justify"><span style="color: rgb(26, 26, 26); font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt;">Ⅰ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="color: rgb(26, 26, 26); font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt;">. </span><span style="color: rgb(26, 26, 26); font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; font-family: 굴림, gulim;">들어가며</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">미국의 특허관리전문회사</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">(NPE) GPNE Corp.</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">는 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">1995</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">년에 출원된 양방향 삐삐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">(two-way pager) </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">관련 특허</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">(ZL95190550.3)</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">가 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">GPRS </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">이동통신 표준의 표준필수특허</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">(SEP)</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">에 해당한다고 주장하며 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">2013</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">년 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">월 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">Apple </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">중국법인을 상대로 약 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">1,500</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">억 원의 손해배상 소송을 제기하였다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">두 차례의 무효심판과 세 차례의 행정소송을 거치는 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">12</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">년의 공방 끝에</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, 2025</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">년 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">11</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">월 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">18</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">일 중국 최고인민법원은 비침해 판결을 확정하였다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">본 판결은 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">SEP </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">침해 분쟁의 심리 순서</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">청구항 해석에서 무효심판 진술의 구속력</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">비참여 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">NPE</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">의 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">SEP </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">주장 한계에 관해 의미 있는 선례를 제시한다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13pt; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">Ⅱ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">사건의 개요</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">분쟁 특허는 명세서에서 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">전화망과 독립적으로 동작</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">한다고 명시한 무선 호출기</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">삐삐</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">) </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">시스템에 관한 것이다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">명세서에는 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">'</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">페이징 유닛</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">(paging unit)'</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">이라는 용어가 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">200</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">회 이상 반복적으로 등장하며</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">단방향 페이징 시스템을 양방향으로 개선한 것이라고 그 발명의 목적을 분명히 하고 있다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">GPNE</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">는 이러한 페이징 시스템 특허가 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">GPRS </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">표준에 필수적으로 사용되며</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">따라서 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">GPRS </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">기능을 탑재한 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">iPhone·iPad </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">시리즈 제품이 본 특허를 침해한다고 주장하였다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">그러나 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">GPRS</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">는 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">GSM </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">이동통신망을 기반으로 처음부터 양방향 통신을 전제로 설계된 패킷 데이터 서비스로</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">본 특허의 페이징 시스템과는 출발점이 다른 기술이다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">두 시스템 모두에서 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">페이징</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">이라는 용어가 사용되기는 하나</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">본 특허에서는 시스템 전체를 지칭하는 반면 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">GPRS</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">에서는 단순한 호출 알림 제어신호를 의미한다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13pt; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">Ⅲ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">법원의 판단</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">첫째</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">최고인민법원은 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">SEP </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">침해 분쟁에서는 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">본 특허가 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">SEP</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">에 해당하는지 여부</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">를 선행적으로 판단한 후 비로소 침해 행위와 민사책임을 검토하여야 한다고 판시하였다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">특허권자가 청구항의 기술방안과 표준의 기술방안이 대응됨을 입증하지 못하면</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">법원은 피고 제품에 대한 구체적 침해 분석 없이도 비침해를 선언할 수 있다는 것이다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">본 사건에서 법원은 </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">① </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">청구항</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">명세서의 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">전화망 독립</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">" </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">기재</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">② </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">중국특허청 무효심판에서도 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">GSM</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">과 페이징 시스템을 별개의 기술분야로 본 점</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">③ </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">특허권자의 사업계획서가 페이징과 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">GSM</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">을 경쟁 기술로 명시한 점</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">④ </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">미국</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">유럽</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">일본의 패밀리 특허 소송에서도 동일한 결론에 이른 점을 종합하여</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">페이징 시스템과 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">GPRS</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">는 서로 다른 기술분야에 속한다고 판단하였다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">둘째</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">청구항 제</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">2</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">항에 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">공공 주파수</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">公共</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">频率</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">)"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">가 명문으로 기재되어 있지 않더라도 명세서</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">도면을 종합하면 이를 암시적 기술특징으로 보아야 한다고 보았다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">근거는 금반언</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">(</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">禁止反悔</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">) </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">원칙의 적용이다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. GPNE</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">는 과거 무효심판에서 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">공공 주파수가 없으면 핸드오버를 실현할 수 없다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">고 진술하며 특허 유효성을 방어하였는데</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">법원은 무효심판에서 특허를 지키기 위해 한 진술이 침해 소송에서도 그대로 구속력을 갖는다고 판단하였다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">그리고 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">GPRS</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">의 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">BCCH(</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">광역 제어채널</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">)</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">는 사용 주파수</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">기능</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">·</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">역할 모두에서 본 특허의 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">공공 주파수</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">와 달라 동일하거나 균등한 기술특징이 아니라고 결론지었다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">셋째</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">법원은 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">3GPP </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">미참여 기업도 원칙적으로 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">FRAND </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">의무를 부담할 수 있다고 하면서도</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">본 특허가 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">SEP</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">에 해당하지 않는 이상 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">FRAND </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">논의 자체가 무의미하다고 정리하였다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">표준화 기구에 특허를 신고하거나 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">FRAND </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">선언을 한 사실 없이</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">표준이 제정된 후에 해당 표준과 특허 사이의 사후적 유사성을 주장하는 방식으로는 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">SEP </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">지위를 취득할 수 없다는 점을 명확히 한 것이다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13pt; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">Ⅳ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">시사점</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">본 판결은 한국 기업이 중국에서 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">SEP </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">분쟁에 직면할 때 참고할 만한 세 가지 실무 지침을 제시한다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">첫째</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">"SEP</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">에 해당하지 않는다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">는 항변을 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">1</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">차 방어선으로</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">삼아 초기 단계에서 집중적으로 다투는 것이 효율적이다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">특허의 기술분야</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">출원 당시 공지기술</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">명세서의 발명 목적</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">출원인의 과거 진술을 면밀히 검토하여 특허와 표준 사이의 기술분야 차이를 입증하면</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">피고 제품에 대한 세부 침해 분석 없이도 소송을 조기에 종결시킬 수 있다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">둘째</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">무효심판과 패밀리 특허의 절차 기록을 침해 소송에 적극 활용</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">하여야 한다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">이미 소송 실무에서 잘 알려져 있지만</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">중국 법원에서도 특허권자가 과거 무효심판이나 외국 패밀리 절차에서 청구항 범위에 관해 한 진술이 금반언 원칙에 따라 침해 소송에서도 구속력을 가진다는 점이 확인되었다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">중국특허청 무효심판은 물론 미국 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">IPR, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">유럽 이의신청</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">한국 무효심판까지 패밀리 전 절차의 진술을 수집하는 것은 이제 통신 분야 침해 방어의 기본 작업이 되었다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">셋째</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">특허권자 입장에서는 출원 단계부터 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">SEP </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">대응성을 명세서에 명확히 설계하고</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">표준화 기구에 적시에 특허를 신고하며 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">FRAND </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">선언을 철저히 이행하여야 한다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; text-indent: 11pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; letter-spacing: 0pt;" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">표준 제정 후 소급하여 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">SEP</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-weight: bold; font-size: 12pt;">를 주장하는 전략은 중국 법원에서 더 이상 통하지 않게 되었다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p><p class="0" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8; margin-top: 18pt; margin-bottom: 6pt; font-weight: bold; font-size: 13pt; color: rgb(26, 26, 26);" align="justify"><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">Ⅴ</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">결론</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8;" align="justify"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">중국 최고인민법원 지식재산법정 연도보고</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">(2025)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">에 따르면 외국 당사자가 관련된 특허 사건과 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">SEP </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">분쟁이 매년 빠르게 증가하고 있어</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">, </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">중국은 이미 글로벌 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">SEP </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">분쟁의 핵심 전장이 되었다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8;" align="justify"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">본 판결은 그러한 흐름 속에서도 중국 법원이 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">기술적 실체</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">를 갖추지 못한 과거 특허의 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">SEP </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">주장을 엄격한 청구항 해석과 기술분야 분석으로 차단한 대표 사례이다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">. </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8;" align="justify"><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">한국 기업도 중국에서의 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">SEP </span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">분쟁 대비를 강화하되</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">, "</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">특허와 표준 간 대응성</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">"</span><span style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">이라는 핵심 기준을 방어 전략의 출발점으로 삼아야 할 것이다</span><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;">.</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8;" align="justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8;" align="justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;"></span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><b>글쓴이. </b></span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);"><b>윤건 변리사</b> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">: </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">중국 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">ToYou IP </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">사무소 대표 변리사</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">. </span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">통신</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">·</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">디스플레이</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">·</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">반도체 분야 한</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">·</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">중 대기업 특허 실무 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">20</span><span style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">년 이상</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">. (</span><a href="mailto:gun.yin@toyouip.com" style="font-size: 10.5pt;"><u><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(128, 0, 128);">gun.yin@toyouip.com</span></u></a><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: 굴림, gulim; letter-spacing: 0pt; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(102, 102, 102);">)</span></p><p style="text-align: justify; line-height: 1.8;" align="justify"><span lang="EN-US" style="letter-spacing: 0pt; text-indent: 11pt; font-family: 굴림, gulim; font-size: 12pt;"><span style="font-family: 돋움, Dotum, pretendard, sans-serif; font-size: 12px;"> </span> </span></p>

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